Private Cloud Platforms comparison & reviews

Summary
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3rd 4th 2nd
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Analysis expand by Bhagyashri (Shri) Bhagvat by Bhagyashri (Shri) Bhagvat Robert Spruill
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General expand
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  • Fully Supported
  • Limitation
  • Not Supported
  • Information Only
Pros
  • + Mature on-prem IaaS solution
  • + High-fidelity implementation of AWS APIs
  • + Proven at scale over years of operation
  • + Strong Storage Capability with Additional Compute and Networking Functionality
  • + Vendor Maturity and Market-share
  • + Simple and Straightforward Editions
  • + Full-Fledged IaaS
  • + Mature Vendor
  • + Enterprise Solution
Cons
  • - Recent acquisition concerns
  • - No administrative GUI
  • - Missing features beyond API compatability
  • - Limited Capability
  • - Few Use Cases
  • - Temporary
  • - Complex
  • - Little PaaS Capability
  • - Heavily Dependent on Underlying Hardware
  Content  
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Content Creator
AppScale
Luciano Taranto
Luciano Taranto
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Overview
Integrated software stack with AWS-compatible IaaS services.
The AWS Snowball Edge is a type of Snowball device with on-board storage and compute power for select AWS capabilities. (see details)
VMware Cloud Foundation is an integrated software stack which bundles VMware components (see details)
  Assessment  
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Maturity
Based on the Eucalyptus code-base that has been in production for over a decade, powering installations beyond 200K cores in size.
Snowball Edge was announced 2016 and builds on AWS which has been around since 2012
VMware is a strong contender in the marketplace and VCF is comprised of components that have been tried and tested in the datacenter
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Disconnected Offering
Can be deployed in a disconnected environment
Must connect back to AWS platform for full functionality
VMware Cloud Foundation can be deployed on premises as a stack for a private cloud
Infrastructure Services expand
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  Compute  
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Virtual servers
Virtual servers are called cloud instances (equivalent to EC2 instances in AWS)
Virtual servers are called EC2 instances
VMware Cloud Foundation bundles vSphere which includes the ESXi virtualization platform for creating and running virtual machines and virtual appliances
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VM Type - General Purpose
Virtual machine hardware can be configured to take full advantage of the underlying hosts hardware. A collection of instance types can be customized in terms of vCPUs, memory, and disk.
The SBE1 EC2 instance is the general purpose offering
You can configure the virtual machine hardware to take advantage of the underlying hosts hardware
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VM Type - Compute Optimized
Compute-optimized instance types can be customized by modifying the instance type
The SBE-C EC2 instance is the compute optimized offering
You can configure the virtual machine hardware to take advantage of the underlying hosts hardware. For compute optimized instances, you would increase the CPU resources
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VM Type - Memory Optimized
Memory-optimized instance types can be customized by modifying the instance type
There is no memory optimized offering
You can configure the virtual machine hardware to take advantage of the underlying hosts hardware. For memory optimized instances, you would increase the memory resources
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VM Type - Accelerated (GPU)
GPU instance types can be customized through advanced configuration only. No official documentation.
The SBE-G EC2 instance is the accelerated GPU offering
You can configure the virtual machine hardware to take advantage of the underlying hosts GPU hardware
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Metadata URL
Metadata URL, featuring EC2-compatible information and thus compatible with cloud-init, is reachable from instances.
You get access to a subset of metadata typically available to EC2 instances through an internal URL
There is no built-in way to access this functionality. (see details)
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Rapid Provisioning
System components enable fast provisioning, particularly of EBS-backed instances.
You can specify the job and resources and Amazon will configure the device for you and ship it out to you
You can easily deploy VMs using a wizard, template, or cloning another VM
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Resize existing VM
EBS-backed instances can be resized after stopping by modifying InstanceType attribute via ModifyInstanceAttribute request (in CLI or Console).
Typically resize an instance using CLI modify-instance-attribute on instanceType attribute but Snowball Edge only allows you to modify userdata
You can easily resize an existing VM by changing its virtual hardware after creation such as CPU and memory
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Resource Management
Resources can be managed from either the Console or CLI/API
Resources such as EC2 instances cannot be managed through the console after the device is created and must instead be managed through the CLI/API adding a level of complexity
Resources can be managed from either the vSphere Web Client or the vSphere Client
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Scalability
AWS AutoScaling APIs are supported, with performance-based triggers for up- and down-scaling.
A cluster of 5-10 Snowball Edges can be created to offer increased durability and locally scale up or down storage on demand
There is no vSphere functionality to easily scale up or down VMs from the console
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VM Imaging
Images (akin to AMIs and AKIs) can be created and shared with other cloud users. Existing instances can be saved into an image.
No mention in the developer guide
You can clone a virtual machine to a template which can then be used to deploy other virtual machines later
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VM Import/Export
Instances can be imported using raw disk or VHD formats. Exports done manually at hypervisor level. No API support for the operation exists.
No mention in the developer guide
You can import and export virtual machines in the OVF and OVA formats
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VM live migration
VMs can be live-migrated using CLI / API. In the event of a host failure instances to not automatically restart.
AWS does not support live VM migration and as such we shouldnt expect Snowball Edge to do this
You can perform a live migration of a virtual machine without affecting availability, called a hot migration, using vMotion
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VM to host affinity
Not supported. Can only be achieved by backend administration using instance migration.
When deploying a cluster, you can select which nodes an instance runs on
You can create VM to host affinity rules within a DRS cluster
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VM to host anti-affinity
Not supported. Can only be achieved by backend administration using instance migration.
When deploying a cluster, you can select which nodes an instance runs on thus also choosing which nodes it does not run on
You can create VM to host anti-affinity rules within a DRS cluster
  Networking  
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Cloud virtual networking
Overlays a virtual network on top of your existing network. Supports EDGE (EC2 Classic) and VPCMIDO (AWS VPC) modes.
The EC2 instances can have virtual network interfaces attached to them which allows them to communicate with each other and outside devices
VMware Cloud Foundation bundles NSX Data Center for vSphere which provides a platform programmatically managing software-defined virtual networks
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Cross-premises connectivity
Support for AWS VPN Gateway is available but only when using VPCMIDO network mode.
The Snowball Edge connects into the datacenter and allows for transfer of data between the datacenter and AWS albeit in a slow snail-mail fashion
The VCF platform is integrated into the customer datacenter and provides cross-premises connectivity to other customer networks
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DNS hostname resolution
DNS names for VM instances is supported automatically
No mention in the developer guide
You can install NSX Edge as an Edge Services Gateway (ESG) between networks which will then allow you to configure external DNS servers. (see details)
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DNS zone management
No mention in the documentation
No mention in the developer guide
No mention in documentation. Functionality would need to be built up by the end-user and then VMware components can take advantage of it
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IP reassignment
Elastic IP and Elastic Network Interface functionality enables flexible IP address assignment.
You can delete the virtual network interface attached to an EC2 instance and then create a new virtual network interface for that EC2 instance with a new static IP address
You can statically set an VMs IP address from vSphere as well as specify a network protocol which is a pool of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses that vCenter will assign to virtual machines
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Load balancing
Elastic Load Balancer is an included service.
No mention in the developer guide
You can install NSX Edge as an Edge Services Gateway (ESG) and take advantage of the logical load balancer
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Network Interfaces
Elastic Network Interface functionality allows attaching and detaching of virtual NICs to instances
The device has a set of external network interfaces for connectivity into the customer datacenter (see details)
Virtual machines can have a variety of different network adapters added and configured
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Outbound Network Connectivity
Can be configured to connect to external networks with both EDGE (EC2 Classic) and VPCMIDO (Amazon VPC) networking modes.
The device has a set of external network interfaces for connectivity into the customer datacenter (see details)
You can connect virtual machines to the physical network
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Public IP Address
Public IP addresses can be assigned to instances either automatically or from a pool of Elastic IP addresses.
Can attach a virtual network interface to your EC2 instance and specify a public IP address for use
You can connect virtual machines to the physical network
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SR-IOV support
Can be customized to use SR-IOV for instance networking by advanced configuration only. No official documentation.
No mention in the developer guide
There is a specific network adapter type (SR-IOV passthrough) designed to enable and support SR-IOV networking
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VM Security Groups
Instances can be added to a security group which has a specific network security policy applied to it.
Security groups exist and can be configured for EC2 instances similar to the way they work in AWS with limitations
Virtual Machines can be added to a security group which has a specific network security policy applied to it
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Virtual Network Peering
Ability to create a peering connection between two VPCs is supported.
Virtual Private Clouds (VPCs) are not supported in Snowball Edge and thus you cannot make virtual networks to peer
You can set up cross-vCenter deployments as well as implement VPNs to access corporate and other cloud networks securely
  Storage  
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Object storage
Supports S3-compatible object storage using its Object Storage Gateway (OSG)
The Snowball Edge supports S3 (object storage) as its primary purpose is downloading customer data from a remote datacenter which can then later be transferred to S3 in AWS
No mention in the documentation
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Block storage
Elastic Block Storage (EBS) provides block-level storage volumes that you can attach to instances.
Block storage must exist as the Snowball Edge is capable of hosting EC2 instances but end-users have no access to block storage and cannot attach volumes themselves to EC2 instances
vSphere provides a variety of different storage options and functionalities
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Shared file storage
Shared file storage is not supported.
Once connected to the datacenter, the S3 Adapter for Snowball or NFS mount point can be used to upload data from the datacenter into the Snowball Edge
VMWare provides NFS but not SMB storage solutions
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Backup
Procedures for backing up and restoring everything except root disks of instance-store (ephemeral) instances are documented.
By its nature, the device offers data backup for data stored within a datacenter albeit in a slower process
VCF provides backup and restore capability of components
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Local Data Protection
Relies on replication features of underlying software and hardware (RAID and Ceph) for local data protection from hardware failures.
The Snowball Edge employs defense-in-depth for data protection including a ruggedized tamper-reistant enclosure, 256-bit encrpytion, and a TPM
Virtual Volumes support replication capabilities for disaster recovery
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Remote Replication
No special functionality for automatic remote replication are provided, but backup process can include transfer of backed up data offsite for disaster recovery.
By its nature, the device offers remote replication for data stored within a datacenter albeit in a slower process
Virtual Volumes support replication capabilities for disaster recovery
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Snapshots
EBS snapshots are supported in both Web console and via CLI/API.
No mention in the developer guide
Virtual volumes provide snapshot capability to preserve the state and data of a virtual machine at a given point in time
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Storage Architecture
Deployed as customer configurable two-level storage system. Support for HCI not documented.
Each Snowball Edge node provides betwee 42TB and 80TB (see details)
VMware provides for a very flexible storage architechture
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Storage QoS
Supports only a single storage class for both block and object storage.
No mention in the developer guide
You can configure the vSAN cluster (shared storage pool) to be either hybrid or all-flash (see details)
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Storage Scalability
The Storage Controller (SC) and Object Storage Gateway (OSG) are molular and enable storage capacity to be dynamically allocated independent of the system.
Multiple Snowball Edges can be clustered to increase data durability as well as locally grow and shrink storage on demand
You can expand an existing vSAN cluster by adding hosts or devices to existing hosts without disrupting ongoing operations
Platform Services expand
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  Compute  
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Kubernetes Orchestration
No support for Kubernetes orchestration is available.
No mention in the developer guide
VMware Pivotal Container Service (PKS) provides an enterprise-grade Kubernetes solution which can be deployed on VMware Cloud Foundation
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Serverless
No support for a serverless runtime is available.
The Snowball Edge offers access to AWS Lambda which can execute serverless functions based on S3 storage actions made on the device
This functionality is not offered by VCF but can be supported on top of VCF
  Data  
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Relational database
No support for DBaaS is available.
No mention in the developer guide
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
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NoSQL—key/value storage
No support for a NoSQL database is available.
No mention in the developer guide
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
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Caching
No support for an in-memory cache service is available.
No mention in the developer guide
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
  Developer Tools  
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Message Queuing
No support for message queuing is available.
No mention in the developer guide
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
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Pub/Sub Messaging
No support for pub/sub messaging is available.
No mention in the developer guide
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
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Web Applications
No support for a PaaS-type service for hosting Web applications is available.
Can build EC2 instances which can host web applications
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
  Analytics and IoT  
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Internet of Things
No support for IoT services is available.
The Snowball Edge incorporates AWS IoT Greengrass to power Lambda for edge computing needs
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
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Edge compute for IoT
No support for service that deploys cloud intelligence onto Edge devices is available.
The Snowball Edge incorporates AWS IoT Greengrass to power Lambda for edge computing needs
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
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Streaming data
No support for data streaming is available.
No mention in the developer guide
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
Management Tools expand
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  Interface  
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Console
Web Console supports most of the cloud user functionality that is also accessible via CLI/API.
The Snowball Edge provides a management console for job management
In addition to console functionality such as vSphere, VCF includes SDDC Manager which provides a centralized user interface for configuration, provisioning, and lifecycle management of the stack
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API
AWS-compatible API is at the core of the product, with extensive support of many IaaS-level services, powering both the CLI and the Web Console.
Snowball Edge supports a limited API for both S3 and EC2 (see details)
The bundled components of VCF (vSphere, VSAN, and NSX) all provide API interfaces
  Auditing  
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Health / Performance / System Monitoring
Monitoring is available via the CloudWatch service, with metrics visible in the Web Console and available from the CLI.
Limited monitoring of job statuses
vSphere provides a suite of health and performance monitoring tools for the infrastructure
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Event Logging
Logs are available to the operations team but must be configured using at the OS-level using technologies such as syslog.
CloudTrail can log calls made to the Snowball Edge API but internal actions such as those against EC2 instances are not logged
VCF bundles vRealize Log Insight which covers infrastructure logs
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Analytics
No support for analytics service is availalble.
No mention in the developer guide
VCF bundles vRealize Log Insight which aggregates infrastructure and application logs in order to provide actional dashboards and sophisticated analysis
  Automation  
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Automated Tasks
CloudFormation doman-specific language and service enables users to orchestrate cloud application deployment and resource management.
The built-in Lambda capability can be used to execute automated tasks in response to S3 actions taken against the Snowball Edge
VCF bundles vRealize Automation which can be used to deploy service blueprints and external technologies through Orchestrator plugins to automate IT tasks
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Marketplace
No support for a marketplace of images is available.
Jobs using EC2 compute instances can use CentOS 7, Ubuntu 14.04, and Ubuntu 16.04 images from the marketplace
While you can deploy VMs from templates, there is no central marketplace offerring third-party applications
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Marketplace Syndication
No support for a marketplace syndication is available.
Jobs using EC2 compute instances can use CentOS 7, Ubuntu 14.04, and Ubuntu 16.04 images from the marketplace
Since there is no marketplace, there is no syndication for those items
Security & Compliance expand
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  AAA  
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Authentication
User management and resource access control is available through Access and Identity Management (IAM) service.
Access to launch jobs, import/export data, unlock the Snowball Edge, and manage the Snowball Edge is controlled through IAM
Authentication can be implemented by integrating into the customers network and using their Active Directory instance
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Multi-Factor Authentication
No support for MFA is available.
No mention in the developer guide
vCenter SSO also allows for two-factor authentication methods
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SSO / Integration
Support for LDAP/Active Directory integration (via periodic synchronizations) is supported.
No mention in the developer guide
The Platform Services Controller provides functionality for Single Sign-On into vCenter services and integrates with Windows Active Directory as well as other AD/LDAP schemes
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Access Control
Sophisticated access control policies are supported by the Identity and Access Management (IAM) service.
Access to launch jobs, import/export data, unlock the Snowball Edge, and manage the Snowball Edge is controlled through IAM
Access control can be implemented by integrating into the customers network and using their Active Directory instance
  CIA  
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Encryption (Data at Rest)
System-wide at-rest encryption can be configured in the deployment.
Encryption is enforced to protect data at rest
Provides for storage-level encryption for data at rest
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Encryption (Data in Transit)
Support for HTTPS endpoints can be manually configured on the UFS nodes
Encryption is enforced to protect data in transit
Provides network-level micro-segmentation, distributed firewalls, and VPN capability among others
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Key / Secret Management
Uses AWS-style access keys and secret keys for access to resources.
Encryption keys used to protect data on the device are managed by Amazon Key Management Service
Customer needs to build this functionality on top of the infrastructure
  Regulatory  
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Multi-Tenancy
User identities are organized into accounts and are the equivalent to the AWS IAM account alias.
No mention in the developer guide
You can use VMware vCloud Director to support multi-tenancy on the VCF platform
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Regulatory Compliance (PII, PHI, PCI-DSS, RMF, NIST SP 800-53 ,etc)
Can be manually hardened using avaiable security technical implementation guides for underlying OS only
AWS complies with NIST SP 800-53 (but not necessarily the Snowball Edge), Amazon erases the Snowball Edge according to NIST 800-88 standards, all data is encrypted at rest and in transit
VMware components meet specific 800-53 requirements

Matrix Score

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  • AppScale
  • Amazon
  • VMware Inc
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  • 3 rd
  • 4 th
  • 2 nd
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